Each channel track has a 2 mm depth and 557 mm length, while the width varies from 6 or 13 mm depending on the number of channels 7 or 5, respectively. In this study, we tested a novel photoflow setup consisting of quartz-made straight-line reactors, which are provided from MiChS (LX-1, Figure 1a) and a high-power LED (MiChS LED-s, 365 ± 5 nm, Figure 1b). We thought that if rationally designed scalable photoflow setups were available, flow C–H chlorination reactions using chlorine gas would be able to focus on production. More recent studies on flow C–H chlorination reactions focused on the use of Cl 2 gas in situ generated by photolysis of sulfuryl chloride or by acid treatment of NaOCl. While the flow rate employed was quite low (0.12 mL/min of toluene), the residence time was less than 14 seconds. In 2002, Jähnisch and co-workers reported the first microflow chlorination of 2,4-diisocyano-1-methylbenzene, which used a falling-film reactor developed by IMM. Keywords: C–H chlorination chlorine gas ethylene carbonate photo flow reactor vinylene carbonateįlow C–H chlorination using a compact flow reactor is highly desirable in terms of efficiency and safety in handling highly toxic gases such as chlorine. We found that the substrate contamination with water negatively influenced the performance of the C–H chlorination. At a higher conversion of ethylene carbonate such as 61%, the selectivity for monochlorinated ethylene carbonate over dichlorinated ethylene carbonate was 86%. Near-complete selectivity for single chlorination required the low conversion of ethylene carbonate such as 9%, which was controlled by limited introduction of chlorine gas. The partial irradiation of the flow channels also sufficed for the C–H chlorination, which is consistent with the requirement of photoirradiation for the purpose of radical initiation. Such short time of exposition sufficed the photo C–H chlorination. When ethylene carbonate was introduced to the reactor, the residence time was measured to be 15 or 30 s, depending on the slope of the reactor set at 15 or 5°, respectively. The setup employed sloped channels so as to make the liquid phase thinner, ensuring a high surface-to-volume ratio. A novel photoflow setup designed for a gas–liquid biphasic reaction turned out to be useful for the direct use of chlorine gas. You can download the sample files used in the tutorials from here.We report the high-speed C–H chlorination of ethylene carbonate, which gives chloroethylene carbonate, a precursor to vinylene carbonate. Here is a screenshot showing the Curves tool applied to an image to increase the contrast: Tutorials Moreover, the layers structure can be saved to disk and re-opened again via the command line. The individual layers can be activated and de-activated using the radio buttons on the right of the image. The present version allows to open an image file and apply basic editing filters via non-destructive adjustment layers. PhotoFlow is in a early development stage. User-friendly interface to develop new tools and image filters as external plugins.Support for common photo editing tools: levels, curves, brightness-contrast control, blurring, sharpening, cropping, resizing, colorspace conversions, etc., all implemented in the form of image layers.Support for layer grouping and layer masks.Fully color managed workflow: user-defined input, work and output profiles, soft-proofing, etc.Allows to load and edit images of arbitrary size, thanks to the underlying rendering engine based on the VIPS library.Plugin-based architecture: new tools can be implemented as separate modules that are loaded at runtime.Support for 8-bits and 16-bits integer as well as 32-bits and 64-bits floating point precision, selectable at runtime and on a per-image basis.Fully non-destructive, layer-based photo editing workflow with realtime preview of the final image.The aim of the project is to provide a fully non-destructive photo retouching program that includes a complete workflow from RAW image development to high-quality printing. Creating and using luminosity masks with PhotoFlow (inspired from Patrick David's blog).How to match the Nikon in-camera jpeg colors with PhotoFlow.How to process a RAW image in PhotoFlow.Non-destructive Orton effect in PhotoFlow.Patrick depoix ( G+): French translator.Andreas Katifes ( G+): beta tester, tutorial maker and motivation booster.Olivier Samyn ( homepage, COPR): packager and beta tester. Joermungand ( G+, AUR): packager and beta tester.Dariusz Duma ( G+, blog, PPA): packager, blogger and beta tester. Project maintained by aferrero2707 Hosted on GitHub Pages - Theme by mattgraham Contributors: A fully non-destructive photo retouching program providing a complete RAW image editing workflow
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